What is the main difference between "defined contribution" and "defined benefit" plans?

The main difference between defined contribution plans and defined benefit plans lies in the nature of how retirement benefits are determined and the associated risks. In defined contribution plans, the contributions made by the employee and sometimes by the employer are deposited into individual investment accounts. The retirement benefits depend on the performance of these investments over time. This means that the amount available for retirement can fluctuate based on market conditions and investment choices, making the employee responsible for the investment risk.

In contrast, defined benefit plans provide a guaranteed payout upon retirement, typically calculated based on factors such as years of service and salary history. The employer bears the investment risk in this scenario, ensuring that the plan will provide a specific monthly benefit to retirees, regardless of how the investments perform.

This distinction highlights the fundamental structural differences between the two types of plans, emphasizing how contributions and risks are managed.